I was working in Windows explorer accessing files when it froze up. I did the usual ctr-alt-delete and ended explorer, but was left with a blank screen with no icons or task bar. It appears that XP was still running but with out a desktop. The only thing I could do was to hit ctr-alt-delete again and bring up task manager so I could reboot. Is there a way to bring back the desktop without restarting XP?

While Windows, overtime with XP and Vista have become more stable with not crashing, every now and then it tends to remind us of the past. One particular reminder, is freezing and becoming unresponsive while using Windows Explorer or some Desktop function.

The usual remedy is to reboot, sometimes losing data before you had a chance to save and close an application.

In reality, when you end task Windows Explorer, only the process for Windows Explorer shell is terminated, leaving any applications not effected and still running.

Instead of restarting Windows, either on XP or Vista, you may be able to recover by restarting Windows Explorer Shell from Task Manager following the below steps.

When Explorer's shell freezes, just hit Ctrl + Alt + Del to bring up Task Manager. After Task Manager opens, sort the processes by clicking on the Image Name column (arrow) then look for the explorer.exe process.

(NOTE: screenshots are from Vista, but the follow steps also apply to XP)

shell1.png

Right click on explorer.exe and click on End Process.

shell2.png

Then click Yes in the Task Manager Warning window to end the process. This will cause the desktop to disappear. It's possible that any open application(s) will still be visible, while applications that were minimized will not be shown.

At this point Task Manager will remain open. Click on File \ New Task (Run…). In the Create New Task window, type explorer.exe. Click OK.

shell3.png

Windows Explorer Shell will restart, displaying the desktop and all applications that were open before it froze. At this point, it's best to save any data and continue working.

Source:http://www.watchingthenet.com/how-to-restart-windows-explorer-shell-without-rebooting-windows.html

Tips and Tricks Accelerating Access the Internet

When you browse or open a website on the internet either from the stalls or the Internet from home, you may often be the latest squawk access to the website. Even internet access in Indonesia is still countless expensive. It is easy ways to improve your dorm speed access without the need to pay more expensive. Some of them are with us menyetting browser, using openDNS, and using the Google Web Accelerator.

To apply the tricks are very easy. The first is menyetting browser can be done by the users of Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. For Internet Explorer users click on the [Tools] [Internet Options], click the tab [General]. In the options "Temperory Internet files, click [Settings] and then Slide the slider it. This is to create a cache (temporary storage location) for the web that you open, otherwise provided about 5% of the Hard disk.

For users of Mozilla Firefox you can type "about: config" in the address bar. after the change "network.http.pipelining" and "network.http.proxy pipelining" to "true", and the content "network.http.pipelining.maxrequests" between 30 -100 (the greater the more quickly). The last right-click anywhere and select New-> interested, write "nglayout.initialpaint.delay" and fill with 0.
For the second trick, you must first register at www.openDNS.com. After the entry into the Control Panel from the Start menu, select Network Connections and select your connection and click the Properties button. On the Internet protocol, you can select TCP / IP and click Properties. Enter the number 208.67.222.222 and 208.67.220.220 in the DNS option and restart your computer.
After 2 tips on now you will get the access speed faster. For those who are still not satisfied with the speed of access can now use tricks to three, namely Google Web Accelerator. Google Web Accelerator is designed specifically to speed up your Internet access, particularly using your broadband connection (tape width) such as Cable and DSL. For that you use other connections such as Dial-up (or Apnic Instant Speedy) and the satellite, or wave, the Google Web Accelerator can also speed access.

To use Google Web Accelerator you must meet the criteria, among other Operating System you have Windows XP or Windows 2000 and your browser must be Internet Explorer 5.5 + or Mozilla Firefox 1.0 +. If for any other browser can also be true, but you need to configure the proxy settings of your browser by adding 127.0.0.1:9100 on HTTP. After you perform the installation, the Google Web Accelerator will display a small icon on your browser and the tray icon in the bottom corner of the computer screen. You can download the Google Web Accelerator in http://webaccelerator.google.com.

Source: http://hendrawan-life.blogspot.com/2007/04/tips-dan-trik-mempercepat-akses.html

Global Top Sites

The top sites on the web. What's This?

1.
Thumbnail image of yahoo.com

Yahoo!


Personalized content and search options. Chatrooms, free e-mail, clubs, and pager.
www.yahoo.com
Site info for yahoo.com Site Info icon
2.
Thumbnail image of google.com

Google


Enables users to search the Web, Usenet, and images. Features include PageRank, caching and translation of results, and an option to find similar pages. The company's focus is developing search technology.
www.google.com
Site info for google.com Site Info icon
3.
Thumbnail image of youtube.com

YouTube


YouTube is a way to get your videos to the people who matter to you. Upload, tag and share your videos worldwide!
www.youtube.com
Site info for youtube.com Site Info icon
4.
5.

Facebook


A social utility that connects people, to keep up with friends, upload photos, share links and videos.
www.facebook.com
Site info for facebook.com Site Info icon

Download a Top Sites list to your computer!

Get the complete list of top sites from Alexa, the number one provider of Web analytics, downloaded directly to your desktop.


6.
8.

Wikipedia


An online collaborative encyclopedia.
www.wikipedia.org
Site info for wikipedia.org Site Info icon
9.

Blogger.com


Free, automated weblog publishing tool that sends updates to a site via FTP.
www.blogger.com
Site info for blogger.com Site Info icon
10.

Yahoo!カテゴリ


有料審査制のディレクトリ。ウェブサービスの形でAPIを公開。
www.yahoo.co.jp
Site info for yahoo.co.jp Site Info icon
11.

Baidu.com


The leading Chinese language search engine, provides “simple and reliable� search experience, strong in Chinese language and multi-media content including MP3 music and movies, the first to offer WAP and PDA-based mobile search in China.
www.baidu.com
Site info for baidu.com Site Info icon
12.

Google India


Indian version of this popular search engine. Search the whole web or only webpages from India. Interfaces offered in English, Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Marathi and Tamil.
www.google.co.in
Site info for google.co.in Site Info icon
13.

Google


Suche im gesamten Web, in deutschsprachigen sowie in deutschen Seiten. Zusätzlich ist eine Bildersuche, eine Newsarchiv-Suche (ehemals dejanews) sowie ein Katalog vorhanden.
www.google.de
Site info for google.de Site Info icon
14.

RapidShare


Users can upload up to 100 meg files for sharing. Provides downloads of 100 megs per hour on the free service. Premium service also available.
www.rapidshare.com
Site info for rapidshare.com Site Info icon
15.

Microsoft Corporation


Main site for product information, support, and news.
www.microsoft.com
Site info for microsoft.com Site Info icon
16.

QQ.COM


中国最大的门户网站,提供即时通讯、新闻资讯、网络游戏以及在线拍卖业务,
www.qq.com
Site info for qq.com Site Info icon
17.

Hi5


One of the world's largest social networks
www.hi5.com
Site info for hi5.com Site Info icon
18.

新浪新闻中心


包括即日的国内外不同类型的新闻与评论,人物专题,图库。
www.sina.com.cn
Site info for sina.com.cn Site Info icon
20.

EBay


International person to person auction site, with products sorted into categories.
www.ebay.com
Site info for ebay.com

Source: http://www.alexa.com/site/ds/top_sites?ts_mode=global&lang=noneSite Info icon

History of the Internet

Prior to the widespread internetworking that led to the Internet, most communication networks were limited by their nature to only allow communications between the stations on the network, and the prevalent computer networking method was based on the central mainframe computer model. Several research programs began to explore and articulate principles of networking between separate physical networks. This led to the development of the packet switching model of digital networking. These research efforts included those of the laboratories of Donald Davies (NPL), Paul Baran (RAND Corporation), and Leonard Kleinrock's MIT and UCLA.

The research led to the development of several packet-switched networking solutions in the late 1960s and 1970s, including ARPANET and the X.25 protocols. Additionally, public access and hobbyist networking systems grew in popularity, including unix-to-unix copy (UUCP) and FidoNet. They were however still disjointed separate networks, served only by limited gateways between networks. This led to the application of packet switching to develop a protocol for inter-networking, where multiple different networks could be joined together into a super-framework of networks. By defining a simple common network system, the Internet protocol suite, the concept of the network could be separated from its physical implementation. This spread of inter-network began to form into the idea of a global inter-network that would be called 'The Internet', and this began to quickly spread as existing networks were converted to become compatible with this. This spread quickly across the advanced telecommunication networks of the western world, and then began to penetrate into the rest of the world as it became the de-facto international standard and global network. However, the disparity of growth led to a digital divide that is still a concern today.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet#Before_the_Internet

Following commercialisation and introduction of privately run Internet Service Providers in the 1980s, and its expansion into popular use in the 1990s, the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce. This includes the rise of near instant communication by e-mail, text based discussion forums, the World Wide Web. Investor speculation in new markets provided by these innovations would also lead to the inflation and collapse of the Dot-com bubble, a major market collapse. But despite this, the Internet continues to grow.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet

Net History with a Human Face

Information Age Milestones
1866:" In the beginning was the Cable..."

The Atlantic cable of 1858 was established to carry instantaneous communications across the ocean for the first time. Although the laying of this first cable was seen as a landmark event in society, it was a technical failure. It only remained in service a few days.


Subsequent cables laid in 1866 were completely successful and compare to events like the moon landing of a century later... the cable ... remained in use for almost 100 years.

Smithsonian's National Museum of American History


A brief look from 1997:
Annual percentage growth rate of data traffic on undersea telephone cables: 90

Number of miles of undersea telephone cables: 186,000 Source: WinTreese

1957: Sputnik has launched ARPA

comet0317-5.GIF (2915 bytes)

    President Dwight D. Eisenhower saw the need for the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) after the Soviet Union's 1957 launch of Sputnik.

      1957 - October 4th - the USSR launches Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite.

      1958 - February 7th - In response to the launch of Sputnik, the US Department of Defense issues directive 5105.15 establishing the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).

    The organization united some of America's most brilliant people, who developed the United States' first successful satellite in 18 months. Several years later ARPA began to focus on computer networking and communications technology.

    In 1962, Dr. J.C.R. Licklider was chosen to head ARPA's research in improving the military's use of computer technology. Licklider was a visionary who sought to make the government's use of computers more interactive. To quickly expand technology, Licklider saw the need to move ARPA's contracts from the private sector to universities and laid the foundations for what would become the ARPANET.

    The Atlantic cable of 1858 and Sputnik of 1957 were two basic milestone of the Internet prehistory. You might want also to take a look on the Telecommunications and Computers preHistory

    The Internet as a tool to create "critical mass" of intellectual resources

    To appreciate the import ante the new computer-aided communication can have, one must consider the dynamics of "critical mass," as it applies to cooperation in creative endeavor. Take any problem worthy of the name, and you find only a few people who can contribute effectively to its solution. Those people must be brought into close intellectual partnership so that their ideas can come into contact with one another. But bring these people together physically in one place to form a team, and you have trouble, for the most creative people are often not the best team players, and there are not enough top positions in a single organization to keep them all happy. Let them go their separate ways, and each creates his own empire, large or small, and devotes more time to the role of emperor than to the role of problem solver. The principals still get together at meetings. They still visit one another. But the time scale of their communication stretches out, and the correlations among mental models degenerate between meetings so that it may take a year to do a week’s communicating. There has to be some way of facilitating communicantion among people wit bout bringing them together in one place.

    The Computer as a Communication Device by J.C.R. Licklider, Robert W. Taylor, Science and Technology, April 1968. Online republish by Systems Research Center of DEC, p.29


    The first visible results of Licklider's approach comes shortly

    1969: The first LOGs: UCLA -- Stanford

    According toVinton Cerf:
    ...the UCLA people proposed to DARPA to organize and run a Network Measurement Center for the ARPANET project...

    Around Labor Day in 1969, BBN delivered an Interface Message Processor (IMP) to UCLA that was based on a Honeywell DDP 516, and when they turned it on, it just started running. It was hooked by 50 Kbps circuits to two other sites (SRI and UCSB) in the four-node network: UCLA, Stanford Research Institute (SRI), UC Santa Barbara (UCSB), and the University of Utah in Salt Lake City.

fournode-2.gif (17482 bytes)


The plan was unprecedented: Kleinrock, a pioneering computer science professor at UCLA, and his small group of graduate students hoped to log onto the Stanford computer and try to send it some data.They would start by typing "login," and seeing if the letters appeared on the far-off monitor.


    "We set up a telephone connection between us and the guys at SRI...," Kleinrock ... said in an interview: "We typed the L and we asked on the phone,

    "Do you see the L?"
    "Yes, we see the L," came the response.
    "We typed the O, and we asked, "Do you see the O."
    "Yes, we see the O."

    "Then we typed the G, and the system crashed"...

Yet a revolution had begun"..




1972: First public demonstration of ARPANET

In late 1971, Larry Roberts at DARPA decided that people needed serious motivation to get things going. In October 1972 there was to be an International Conference on Computer Communications, so Larry asked Bob Kahn at BBN to organize a public demonstration of the ARPANET.

      It took Bob about a year to get everybody far enough along to demonstrate a bunch of applications on the ARPANET. The idea was that we would install a packet switch and a Terminal Interface Processor or TIP in the basement of the Washington Hilton Hotel, and actually let the public come in and use the ARPANET, running applications all over the U.S ....

    The demo was a roaring success, much to the surprise of the people at AT&T who were skeptical about whether it would work.

About one - two years after the first online demo of how "actually let the public come in and use the ARPANET, running applications all over the U.S ...." (Vinton Cerf) the NET became really busy especially "every Friday night" (Bob Bell)


      Around about 1973 - 1975 I maintained PDP 10 hardware at SRI.

      I remember hearing that there was an ARPANET "conference" on the Star Trek game every Friday night. Star Trek was a text based game where you used photon torpedos and phasers to blast Klingons.

      I used to have a pretty cool logical map of the ARPANET at the time but my ex-wife got it. (She got everything but the debts.)

      Bob Bell
      DEC Field Service


It seems we found "a pretty cool logical map of the ARPANET" which Bob has kindly reminded us about . Thanks, Bob!
net71-2.gif (28175 bytes)

Logical map of the ARPANET, April 1971


  • 1958 Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) created by Department of Defense (DoD).
  • 1961 Director of Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E) assigns a Command and Control Project to ARPA.
  • 1962 Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) formed to coordinate ARPA's command and control research.
  • 1972 ARPA renamed Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).
  • 1986 The technical scope of IPTO expands and it becomes the Information Science and Technology Office (ISTO).
  • 1991 ISTO splits into the Computing Systems Technology Office (CSTO) and the Software and Intelligent Systems Office

By Charles Babbage Institute
Center For the History of Information Processing


University of Minnesota


The Internet has changed the way we currently communicate...
But could the Internet have performed the function it was originally designed for?



CNN: Would the internet survive nuclear war?



The Internet Post-Apocalypse There's a common myth that the Internet could survive a nuclear attack. If the Internet, or pieces of it, did withstand such a war, how would it be used post-apocalypse? Would the Internet itself be used to wage war? Would it become a sole source of information for the surviving masses?

Or would it be too cluttered with dead sites and falsehoods to be worth anything?



B. Porter - 05:09pm Oct 3, 1998 ET ... It is very doubtful the Internet would survive ANY sort of large-scale nuclear attack.... A few years ago a single "surge" in a major West Coast power line, caused a large portion of the West Coast to be blacked out for several hours. (If you live on the West Coast you probably remember this.) The effect of so many power-stations going out at once would be catastrophic to the power grid for ALL of North America, and Western Europe...

Finally, however, the biggest problem, as was previously mentioned, is the EMP (Electro Magnetic Pulse - ed.) pulse. The first missiles to fly ... would then explode, at high-altitude.... These explosions would result in an unprecedented EMP pulse that would cripple virtually 90% (Military estimates put this at closer to 95% of more) of all electronics in the U.S... Almost anything with a microchip in it would be gone.... Imagine the effect of this...

D. Callahan - 09:42am Oct 6, 1998 ET

... This question is somewhat stupid: In keeping with the Cold War theme, I'll end with a quote from Kruscheve (spelling): "In a nuclear war-the living will envy the dead..."

By CNN Interactive

.

The point that I do want to dust off and raise again is that ARPA wouldn't have happened, if what used to be the Soviet Union hadn't shaken complacent U.S. awake with a tin can in the sky, Sputnik.

Wars do wonders for the advancement of technology, and the Cold one was certainly no exception. The way to get a technology advanced is to gather a lot of really smart people under one roof and get them to concentrate on a single project. Of course, that takes some organization and money. Where does that come from? But that's another can of worms - to be opened with relish at a later date. In this case, it was the only body that had a stake in making sure the Net worked - the government.

What with the Cold War in full swing and all, the military, specifically its think tank the Rand Corporation, was concerned that if the war ever got hot and large chunks of the country were vaporized, those phone lines (not to mention considerable segments of the population) would be radioactive dust. And the top brass wouldn't be able to get in touch and carry on. Thus the packets bouncing from node to node, each of those nodes able to send, receive and pass on data with the same authority as any other. It was anarchy that worked, and on a technical level, it still does, obviously.


REWIRED by David Hudson,
JOURNAL OF A STRAINED NET,
August 9th, 1996




The Roads That Were Built By Ike

. ike2.gif (8055 bytes)

.

"I like Ike" was an irressistible slogan in 1952. About half century later, there are reasons "to like Ike" even more ...


Many people don't realize that there is more than a metaphor which connects the

"Information Superhighway"

with the

Interstate Highway System


In 1957, while responding to the threat of the Soviets in general and the success of Sputnik in particular, President Dwight Eisenhower created both the Interstate Highway System and the Advanced Research Projects Agency, or ARPA.

.by Steve Driscoll, Online Computer Library Center Inc.


Information Superhighway:
what exactly does it mean?

In Europe:
"A term often used by the media to describe the Internet."
by The Internet Dictionary , Bradford, England

In USA
there are lots of different meanings:
Information Superhighway/Infobahn: The terms were coined to describe a possible upgrade to the existing Internet through the use of fiber optic and/or coaxial cable to allow for high speed data transmission. This highway does not exist - the Internet of today is not an information superhighway.
by Internet Glossary , SquareOne Technology
.
information superhighway or I-way - this is a buzzword from a speech by Vice President Al Gore that refers to the Clinton/Gore administration's plan to deregulate communication services and widen the scope of the Internet by opening carriers, such as television cable, to data communication. The term is widely used to mean the Internet, also referred to as the infobahn (I-bahn).
by Online Dictionary , NetLingo

Confusing, isn't it?
Fortunately Nice Lady kindly agreed to clarify the root source:

Tipper and Al Gore Tipper Gore:"When my husband Vice President Gore served in the House of Representatives, he coined the phrase "information superhighway" to describe how this exciting new medium would one day transport us all. Since then, we have seen the Internet and World Wide Web revolutionize the way people interact, learn, and communicate."
Photo of Tipper and Al Gore wedding: 20-th year BW (Before Web)
Gore has become the point man in the Clinton administration's effort to build a national information highway much as his father, former Senator Albert Gore, was a principal architect of the interstate highway system a generation or more earlier.

Principal Figures in the Development of the Internet ...
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

.

24 Jun 1986: Albert Gore (D-TN) introduce S 2594
Supercomputer Network Study Act of 1986

21 March 1994: Gore's Buenos Aires Speech
International Telecommunications Union:

"By means of electricity, the world of matter has become a great nerve, vibrating thousands of miles in a breathless point of time ... The round globe is a vast ... brain, instinct with intelligence!"

This was not the observation of a physicist--or a neurologist. Instead, these visionary words were written in 1851 by Nathaniel Hawthorne, one of my country's greatest writers, who was inspired by the development of the telegraph. Much as Jules Verne foresaw submarines and moon landings, Hawthorne foresaw what we are now poised to bring into being...


... I opened by quoting Nathaniel Hawthorne, inspired by Samuel Morse's invention of the telegraph. Morse was also a famous portrait artist in the U.S.--his portrait of President James Monroe hangs today in the White House. While Morse was working on a portrait of General Lafayette in Washington, his wife, who lived about 500 kilometers away, grew ill and died. But it took seven days for the news to reach him.

In his grief and remorse, he began to wonder if it were possible to erase barriers of time and space, so that no one would be unable to reach a loved one in time of need. Pursuing this thought, he came to discover how to use electricity to convey messages, and so he invented the telegraph and, indirectly, the ITU."

Source: http://www.netvalley.com/cgi-bin/intval/net_history.pl?chapter=1

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